smc5ev4

 

Environment Studies

Chapter - 4

Mangoes Round the Year

 

Discuss (Page 35)

1. How did Aman know that the potato sabji got spoiled?

Ans. He came to know this from its smell.

2. Have you ever seen some food that has gone spoiled? How did you know that it was spoiled?

Ans. Yes, I have seen foods that had gone spoiled. I smelled bad and its colour had changed.

3. Preeti told Nitu not to eat the potato sabji. What would have happened if she had eaten it?

Ans. If Nitu had eaten the sabji, she would have fallen ill.

 

Write (Page 36)

4. Look in your kitchen and write down names of food items that:

-Can get spoilt In 2-3 days  -  Can be kept for a week  - Would not spoil   till one month

- Milk, Bread, Dal   - Potato, Onion, Murabba     - Flour, Pickles, Ghee

 5. Look at your friend’s list and discuss in the class.

Ans.  My friend’s list contains almost the same foods like milk, dal, roti, coocked rice, green vegetables, etc. Which can get spoiled in two or three days. Potato, onion, sweets etc. can last upto a week.

                Rice, flour, pulses, spices, ghee can be used upto a month or even more.

6. Will you list be the same in all seasons? What would you change?

Ans. My list will change, with change in seasons. In winters, ghee and vegetables will not spoil in two-three days. Pickles, murabba, etc. should be kept in rainy season. They may get spoiled soon with moisture.

7. When food gets spoiled in your house, what do you do with it?

Ans. When food gets spoiled in our house, we dump it in garbage box.

 

Biji returned the bread (Page 36)

8. Look at the picture of the bread packed here and guess why Biji returned it?

* How did she find that the bread had got spoiled?

Ans. Biji returned the bread because expiry date would have been passed.

 

Find out (Page 36)

Look carefully at two-three packets of food items :

9. What can we know from what is written on the packet?

Ans. We can know about the price, weight, manufacturing date and expiry date of the product.

10. When you buy anything from the market, what do you look for on the packet?

Ans. I check its date of manufacturing, expiry date, maximum retail price and weight.

 

How does food get spoil? (Page 37)

11. The whole class can do with experiment together. Take a piece of bread or roti. Sprinkle a few drop of water on it, and put it in a box. Close the box. See the bread or roti every day until you find some changes on it.

                Make this table on a chart paper and put it up in the classroom. Fill up the chart every day after discussing the changes seen.

Ans. Changes in the bread or roti

Day	By touch	By smell	By Looking through hand lens	By colour
1.   2.   3.   4.   5.      6.	Soft   Damp   Damp   -do-   -do-     -do-	No smell   Bad smell   Stinking smell   -do-   -do-     -do-	Normal   Light white layer   White layer with Green spots Greenish like white grass structure Green coloured small grass like structure Greenish black fungus	Normal   Whitish   White   Greenish-white   Green     Greenish-black

 12. Find out the reasons for these changes? From where did the fungus come on the bread?

Ans.  The reason for these changes was rottening of bread. The spores of fungus present in the air adhere to food and grow day by day.

 13. Different kinds of food items spoil due to different reasons. Some food spoils soon. Some stays good for long. List some seasons and conditions in which food spoils quickly.

Ans. Food spoils quickly in the rainy and summer season.

Conditions in which food spoils quickly.

1) If food is left uncovered.

2) If milk is not boiled before keeping for future use.

3) If vegetables are not stored in refrigerator.

4) If food is not protected from moisture.

(Page 38)

14.  Given below are some food items and some simple methods by which these could be kept fresh for 1-2 days. Match the correct pairs.

 Ans.

Food Item	Method
Milk Cooked rice    Green coriander   Onion, garlic	Boil it Put in a bowl and keep the bowl in container with some water. Wrap in a damp cloth Keep it in a dry open place.

 

Write (Page 40)

15. Why was sugar and jaggery mixed into the mango pulp and dried in the sun?

Ans. Sugar and Jaggery was mixed into mango pulp to prepare mamidi tandra (aam papad)

16. Why did Appu first choose the most ripe mangoes to be used for making the mamidi tandra?

Ans. Most ripe mangoes were sorted out because they contain more juice and less fibres.

17. How did the brothers make the mamidi tandra?

 Write down step-by-step what they did for this?

Ans. First of all they bought a mat, casuqina poles, string of coconut husk, jaggery and sugar. They made a high platform with poles and mat. Then in a vessel, they extracted pulp and juice from ripe mangoes and added jaggery and sugar. They spread the mixture into a thin layer over the mat and left it to dry in the sun. The process was repeated daily until the layer was four centimetre thick. After a few days the layer was taken out and cut into pieces.

18. What things are made in your house from ripe and unripe mangoes?

Ans. Pickles and chutney are made from unripe mangoes and aam papad from ripe mangoes in my house.

19. Make a list of all the different types of pickles that you know about.

Ans. Pickles are prepared with- Mango, Amla, Chilli, Carrot, Ginger, Lemon, Jackfruit, Radish etc.

 

 Find out and discuss (Page 41)

20. Is there any kind of pickle made in your home? What kind of pickle is it? Who makes it? From whom did they learn to make the pickle?

Ans. Yes, pickles of mango, lemon, amla and chilli are made in my house. My mother makes them. She learnt this from my grandmother.

21. What all things are needed to make any one type of pickle in your house? How is the pickle made? Find out the recipe and write.

Ans. To make a pickle, we need raw mangoes, garlic, red chilli powder, turmeric, ginger, rai pulse, aniseed, methi, salt, mustard oil etc.

Procedure to make pickles

The Raw mangoes is cut and dried up in the sun. After mixing it with all the spices salt and oil, it is kept in a glass jar for a few days till it is ready to eat.

22. How are these things made in your house?

(a) Papad,  (b) Chutney  (c) Badiyan  (d) Sause

Ans. (a) Papad – First urad grains are boiled, and grinded up. Then salt and different spices are mixed in it and a dough is prepared. Small pieces of this dough are rolled out to make thin round roll like structure. These are dried in sun and packed up.

(b) Chutney – fruit or leafy vegetable is grinded and salt and spices are added and mixed well.

(c) Badiyan – Urad and moong pulses are soaked in water and grinded. Salt and spices are added and mixed well. Small lumps of it are taken out on a cloth and dried up in the sun for a few days till they dry up.

(d) Sauce – A sort of thick paste of tomatoes with added sugar and preservations.

23. It is a two-day journey by train from Pune to Kolkata. If you were to go on this trip, what food items would you carry with you? How would you pack them? Make a list on the blackboard of all the packed food. What food would you eat first?

Ans. If I go on a two-day journey, I will carry parathas, sabji, pickle, jam, dry fruits, curd, sweets etc.

I will consume parathas, curd and sabji, first as they get spoiled soon.

What we have learnt (Page 41)

24. Glass jars and bottles are dried well in the sun before filling them with pickles. Why is this done? Do you remember what happened to the bread in the experiment?

Ans. If any moisture is left in these containers, the result will be fungus as we saw in the experiment.

25. To eat mangoes round the year we make different items like pickle, aam papad, chutney, chikky, etc. List some other food with which we make different things, so that we can enjoy it throughout the year.

Ans. There are many food items with which we make different things to use throughout the year.

(1) Pickles of fruits and vegetables.

(2) Vegetables are dried up and used throughout the year.

(3) Potato or banana chips are prepared.

(4) Flakes are made from grains.

(5) Pedas and laddus are prepared.